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Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact on human health and the natural environment. these buildings are designed and constructed in such a way that it ensures less consumption of energy, save water, generate less waste, etc. Such …

Formwork in construction Fresh concrete is a freshly mixed material which can be moulded into any desired shape. As it is in the plastic stage it can not even sustain its own load until it becomes hard. Hence to mould …

Basis of Design Design of flexible pavement for satisfactory functional and structural performance of the pavement during its life period. It is observed that variation in surface profile causes roughness to the pavement. and poor quality and workmanship of bituminous …

substructure meaning We Construct buildings, bridges or any other civil Structure. All these structures rest on earth surfaces through substructure. Finally, all structures transfer their load to the earth and earth support that load. It means the earth’s surface provides …

sub base in road construction Granular Sub Base is laid below the Base layer and above the Subgrade layer. The material used in sub-grade is Natural sand, moorum, Gravel, crushed stone, crushed slag. Use of materials like brick material, kankar …

Polymer Modified Bitumen advantages The following are the Limitations of the bitumen binder. Rutting: Higher tyre pressure in trucks, overloading, and stiffer tyre sidewall in trucks are the main cause of rutting. Under these conditions, a road constructed with conventional …